In November 2025, industrial production, services production, facilities investment, and construction
investment increased, while retail sales declined. In December 2025, the increase in the number of
employed persons moderated, and consumer price rose at a slower pace.

In November, production in the industrial sector (up 0.6% m-o-m and down 1.4% y-o-y) , construction
sector (up 6.6% m-o-m and down 17.0% y-o-y) and services sector (up 0.7% m-o-m and up 3.0% y-o-y)
rose, leading to an increase in total industrial sector (up 0.9% m-o-m and up 0.3% y-o-y).

In November, the cyclical indicator of the coincident composite index moved down by 0.4 points and the
cyclical indicator of the leading composite index moved up by 0.3 points.
In November, retail sales decreased (down 3.3% m-o-m and up 0.8% y-o-y), while facilities investment went
up (up 1.5% m-o-m and down 0.1% y-o-y) .

In December, the Consumer Sentiment Index (CSI) went down by 2.5 points month-on-month to 109.9.
The Composite Business Sentiment Index (CBSI) increased by 1.6 points to 93.7 in December, and the
CBSI outlook for January 2026 fell by 1.7 points to 89.4.

In December, exports climbed by 13.4 percent year-on-year, supported by strong semiconductor
performance. Average daily exports rose by 8.7 percent compared to the same month of previous year.

In December, the number of employed persons grew by 168,000 jobs compared to the same month last
year and the unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percent points to 4.1 percent.

In December, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) climbed by 2.3 percent year-on-year, driven by agricultural
products and petroleum prices. The index when excluding food and energy prices grew by 2.0 percent
from a year ago.

In December, housing prices (up 0.26% m-o-m) and Jeonse (lump-sum deposits with no monthly
payments) prices rose (0.28% m-o-m).

In December, Korean equity prices went up, yields for Korean Treasury Bond rose, and the Korean Won
strengthened against the dollar.

Recently, the Korean economy has continued to show a recovery trend, supported by improvements
in domestic demand such as consumption and strong export performance led by semiconductors.

However, amid heightened month-to-month volatility as indicators that recorded sharp increases in the
third quarter have undergone some adjustment due to base effects and extended holidays hiring
difficulties in vulnerable sectors persist, and uncertainties remain regarding the pace of recovery in
construction investment and the impact of U.S. tariff measures.

The global economy continues to face volatility in the global financial markets and concerns over slowing
trade and growth, due in part to a deteriorating trade environment following tariff measures by major
economies and geopolitical uncertainties.

With an aim to broaden growth momentum going forward, the government plans to continue to pursue
proactive macroeconomic policies and efforts to revitalize consumption, investment, and exports, while
expeditiously implementing the 2026 Economic Growth Strategy to boost the potential growth, promoting
balanced and inclusive growth, overcoming polarization, and strengthening the foundation for a major
economic leap forward.

■ Current Economic Trends
　Overview
　Economic Activity
　　1. Gross Domestic Product
　　2. Total Production and composite index of business indicators
　　3. Private consumption
　　4. Facility investment
　　5. Construction investment
　　6. Exports and imports
　　7. Employment
　　8. Prices
　　9. Housing market
　Financial Markets
　　1. Stock market
　　2. Bond market
　　3. Foreign exchange market
　　4. Money market
　　5. Official foreign reserves
　　6. External debt
　Public Finance
　　1. Fiscal balance
　　2. National debt

■ Policy Issue
　　2026 Economic Growth Strategy

■ Economic News Briefing
　　1. Korea’s GDP Increased by 1.0 % in 2025 (Advance Estimate)
　　2. Deputy Prime Minster Koo Holds Bilateral Talks with UK and Japanese Finance Ministers
　　3. Korea’s inbound FDI Totals US $36.1 billion in 2025